The Scaffold Scenes in the Scarlet Letter Essay Example For Students

The Scaffold Scenes in the Scarlet Letter Essay In Nathaniel Hawthorn’s The Scarlet Letter, the Puritans constantly look down upon sinners like Hester Prynne, both literally and symbolically. The use of the three scaffold scenes throughout the course of the novel proved to be an effective method in proving this theory and showing how Puritan society differs from that of today’s. In the first scaffold scene, Hester is being led from the prison where she has spent the last few months, towards the scaffold clutching her newborn baby to her bosom, covering the scarlet letter-the two symbols representing truth and her lost innocence. She stands on the scaffold, with the magistrates and ministers standing above her on the pulpit, symbolizing that they will always be closer to God than she will ever be, however, the reader is unaware that Hester’s minister, Arthur Dimmesdale, who also stands above her on the pulpit, which is a bit of dramatic irony, considering the fact that he is the father of the infant, and her accomplice in her sin. Also during this scene, the man the reader comes to know as Roger Chillingworth hides in the shadows, looking up at Hester, the evil already swelling within him, blackening his soul. We will write a custom essay on The Scaffold Scenes in the Scarlet Letter specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The events leading up to the next scaffold scene, some years later, are some of the most significant scenes in the entire novel. The treatment of Dimmesdale by Chillingworth, who Dimmesdale had taken in as his physician, plays a key role, due to the fact that Chillingworth’s intentions are less than pure. Chillingworth is bent on revenge, and is willing to do anything necessary, even destroy another man’s life in order to soothe the savage beast within. However, deep inside Chillingworth’s soul, he realizes that his hunger for revenge will never fade, and one can begin to assume that like most villains, Chillingworth wants to be caught. It is for this reason that he allows Hester to reveal his true identity to Dimmesdale, even thought he realizes that it could be his demise. This new information is a shock to Dimmesdale, his doctor, his friend; his confidante was his enemy all along. Bent on revenge and destroying him, Dimmesdale realizes that the â€Å"Black Man† has his soul after all, and if he doesn’t submit to his will, his life and his reputation will pay the priceIn a daze, confused and hurt, Dimmesdale wanders to the place where seven years ago Hester had stood clutching their child to her bosom, to the scaffold where he should have stood beside her all those years ago.While standing on the scaffold, his shirt open revealing his own scarlet letter to the world, he looked up at the pulpit where he had stood all those years ago and realizes the hypocrisy of his past actions. He knew that he was no closer to God than Hester, if anything he was far lower than she was, for she had the courage to admit to her sins and to accept her punishment and make the best of it. The main scene that led up to the third scaffold scene is the encounter in the forest between Hester and Dimmesdale. During this scene, the last few details surrounding Hester’s situation is revealed. While Pearl plays on the other side of the brook, dancing in the â€Å"pure sunlight† and reveling in reality, while Hester and Dimmesdale are lost in their own fantasy world, dreaming of a life where their mutual sins will be forgotten. The main theme of this scene is that sin cannot be forgotten, but it must be forgiven through penance and penitence. For while Hester remains in this fantasy world, free and without inhibitions and the strict morals instilled by Puritan society, her daughter Pearl (truth) will not return to her, because this world that Hester has created is a lie. In this final scaffold scene, Dimmesdale is preparing to make a speech in honor of the election of the new governor, this speech, by Puritan standards, marks the height of his career. As Dimmesda le ascends towards the pulpit for the last time he seems anxious and excited, ready to make his peace with God and deliver a powerful sermon. However, Dimmesdale realizes the hypocrisy in his actions and as he descends from the pulpit, he is silent and withdrawn, as if all the life and faith he had in the world had been drained out of him. It is in this scene that Dimmesdale finally recognizes Hester and Pearl publicly, he takes them up upon the scaffold with him, and announces to the world what he has done, and through this he feels that he has suffered enough and that his conscience is clear, and with this he dies and goes to Heaven, a soul that has been forgiven, leaving Hester and Pearl alone once again with their grief, and their sin. .u19fe851d283fde1ab5c1f72763772380 , .u19fe851d283fde1ab5c1f72763772380 .postImageUrl , .u19fe851d283fde1ab5c1f72763772380 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u19fe851d283fde1ab5c1f72763772380 , .u19fe851d283fde1ab5c1f72763772380:hover , .u19fe851d283fde1ab5c1f72763772380:visited , .u19fe851d283fde1ab5c1f72763772380:active { border:0!important; } .u19fe851d283fde1ab5c1f72763772380 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u19fe851d283fde1ab5c1f72763772380 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u19fe851d283fde1ab5c1f72763772380:active , .u19fe851d283fde1ab5c1f72763772380:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u19fe851d283fde1ab5c1f72763772380 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u19fe851d283fde1ab5c1f72763772380 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u19fe851d283fde1ab5c1f72763772380 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u19fe851d283fde1ab5c1f72763772380 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u19fe851d283fde1ab5c1f72763772380:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u19fe851d283fde1ab5c1f72763772380 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u19fe851d283fde1ab5c1f72763772380 .u19fe851d283fde1ab5c1f72763772380-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u19fe851d283fde1ab5c1f72763772380:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: An Analysis of Heart of Darkness EssayThese three scaffold scenes display the rise of conflict, the climax, and the conclusion. All three tie together to show a common theme, truth. The scaffold and those who stood upon it stood for truth, while those above them judged and those below gawked. It serves as an important symbol throughout the novel setting apart the sinners and those who would judge them. Bibliography:

Hinduism and its practice

Hinduism and its practice Free Online Research Papers The fundamental concept of Hinduism is the belief in the ultimate reality called Brahman, (universal soul) and its identification with the Ataman, (individual soul). (http://hinduism.ygoy.com/hinduism/religion.php) Another thing that the people who practice Hinduism believe is that all creatures go through a continuous cycle of birth and rebirth. This is called reincarnation. Another belief that they have which makes up the religion is the principle of Karma. Karma ties in directly with reincarnation because in the Hindu religion it is believed that your Karma directly affects your next life cycle, positively or negatively. (Jayaram) The main god of Hinduism is Brahman. Other worshipped gods include, Shiva, Vishnu, and Shakathi. The cow is considered a holy animal in Hinduism. In the Hindu religion they have different symbols. Two of them are the Tilaka and Bindi. Hindus traditionally wear a mark on their forehead and other parts of the body, in different forms. Hindu women wear a decorative dot on their forehead, which is called Bindi. Sometimes Hindus wear holy ash called Vibhuti also. Aum is the sacred symbol which represents the absolute reality, Brahman. This can be seen in all mantras and prayers. It represents God in its three aspects- Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. Another noble and auspicious symbol is Swastika, which stands for purity of the soul. The four directions, which had been shown in the symbol, represent four Vedas and their harmonious existence. (http://hinduism.ygoy.com/hinduism/religion.php) The Hindu’s worship is basically reserved for idols. Hinduism is associated with many symbols and icons and these symbols get their meanings from mythology, scriptures and cultural traditions. Every symbols and icons have a sacred implication. There is one more thing that most of the pious Hindus utter during worshipping, that is Sanskrit â€Å"Mantra†. â€Å"Mantra† is actually an invocation to God including prayer, praise, devotion and dedication and through its sound and chanting style it takes one’s mind to the holy and divine thoughts. (http://hinduism.ygoy.com/hinduism/religion.php) Being that Hinduism is so old, Those who grow up in Hindu families are steeped in ancient traditions and beliefs from infancy on and they are much more alike than dissimilar. It therefore has a profound influence on cultural Hindus as well as on those who convert into it. People who practice the Hindu religion try to spread their religion by teaching their children or others about Hinduism. This helps keep the religion strong. There are sixteen religious holidays that are honored by the central government so that everyone can leave work to join the festival of worshipers. Most of the Hindu festivals express spirituality in its happiest parts. These festivals also help keep the religion alive. Almost every individual that practices Hindu usually finds to place him or herself to a Guru, also known as a spiritual teacher. The title guru is applied to venerable spiritual guides. Gurus do not declare themselves as teachers; people are drawn to them because they have achieved spiritual st atus to which the seekers aspire. Gurus are often regarded as enlightened or fully realized individuals. A guru does not provide academic instruction. A Guru gives advice, example, and encouragement to those seeking enlightenment or realization. (mypurohith.com/Epics/Hindu_Manners.asp) Being that Hindu’s do not believe in Heaven or Hell their liberation from Earthly greatly depends on their reincarnation. The status of the next life in the Hindu religion greatly depends on your Karma. How you act here dictates how your next life will be. *References* (http://hinduism.ygoy.com/hinduism/religion.php) (mypurohith.com/Epics/Hindu_Manners.asp) (indiadivine.org/articles/39/1/Hinduism-and-the-Sacred-Cow/Page1.html Research Papers on Hinduism and its practiceCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XGenetic EngineeringRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementThree Concepts of Psychodynamic

Communication with Families Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Communication with Families - Essay Example Teachers should treat everyone equally. A very good thing that is visible from the address that the teacher has made a generous consideration when she is making the speech. She even had a translator at the speech; this would have reduced the barrier between the parents and the teachers. It is very important that the barriers are reduced so that the communication takes place in a perfect way. Another consideration that she has made is that she has kept the meeting after 8 pm. This makes the parents feel that the teacher is actually looking forward to the improvement of the children and they are genuinely concerned. The parents would feel honored and respected and would actually take interest in the child’s growth and development. For a proper communication it is very important that all kinds of barriers are crossed and gotten rid of so that the message goes without any impurity to the receiver. That is why the explanation of the jargons and the terms is important and it has bee n done by the teacher who is giving the introductory session. Also, she is doing it subtly and, therefore, the parents would not feel degraded or troubled when they feel that the teacher is explaining each and everything (Mendoza, 2003). ... The teacher has also made it easier for the parents to become involved as she has used simpler terms and jargons so that the parents can feel that they are not very laid back or not educated at all (Mendoza, 2003). This quote is from the part when the teacher actually makes the effort to disclose all the information to the parents and plans on making this easier for them. According to Welch and Tisdale, â€Å"To make sure you understand how my classroom will be run, I have written a disclosure document and made a copy for all of you. A disclosure document is just a written explanation about how I will grade your children, what my class rules are, and other general information to help you understand my classroom† (Welch &Tisdale,1986). Another quote that can be given here is the one that is related to the extra time that teacher is willing to put in and has kept it at the time when the parents of the children are available (Epstein, 2001). The quotes clearly show that the teach er is making efforts to actually help the parents in continuing the education of their children and providing them guidance at each and every step so that the parents can actually participate equally in the education of the children. It is very important that despite being sensitive about the feeling of the parents the teacher should have also provided some kind of help and guidance so that the parents who are disabled or have disabled children should also be provided due guidance. The documents should also be written in easier and the normally used language so that the parents do not have any kind of issues in actually understanding the matter in it. Failure to understand the document can lead to non compliance (Epstein,

How can the HR Management sustain the motivation of the employees Dissertation

How can the HR Management sustain the motivation of the employees during a period of company downsizingAn approach of HR practi - Dissertation Example Some did achieve short-term benefits in terms of cost savings but in the long-run organizations paid for it in terms of loss of human capital. The neglect of human capital resulted in low employee morale which adversely impacted the post-downsizing productivity. Employee motivation is currently the major issue facing businesses today. The role of HR has changed from being mere personnel management to strategic human resources management. HR managers could play a vital role in sustaining motivation of employees that are retained with the organization after downsizing. While downsizing affects both the leavers and those that remain, the scope of the study is limited to focusing on the motivation of those that remain with the organization. Thus, with the aim to evaluate the role of HR in sustaining employee motivation during downsizing, three objectives and four research questions were set. After extensive literature review, the study adopted qualitative method for research based purely on secondary data. The study finds that motivation is disrupted which is evident from increase in political behaviors such as anger, fear, and antagonism. This in turn manifests in adversely impacting customer satisfaction, organizational efficiency, and productivity. Employee motivation is invariably affected in downsizing firms regardless of the downsizing strategy adopted. The attention during downsizing is focused on the process and also in trying to avert negative publicity. As a result human capital is neglected, which results in lowered motivation to work and lowered commitment, loyalty and inefficiencies. Various downsizing strategies have been reviewed and the study finds that a proactive approach to downsizing can avert neglect of human capital. This requires the involvement of HR managers right from the beginning in designing and implementing the downsizing process. The study recommends the role that HR should adopt in sustaining the motivation of employees during all th e stages of the downsizing process. Table of Contents Chapter I Introduction 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Rationale for Research 5 1.3 Research Aims and Objectives 8 1.4 Research Questions 9 1.5 Scope of the Study 9 1.6 Structure of the Study 9 Chapter II Literature Review 2.1 Chapter Overview 11 2.2 Definitions 11 2.3 The Growth of Downsizing 15 2.4 Rationale for Downsizing 16 2.5 Downsizing methods 20 2.6 Impact of downsizing 21 2.7 Downsizing management by organization and its implications 25 2.8 Downsizing implementation 26 2.9 Downsizing Models 30 2.10 Trust and Empowerment in downsizing 33 2.11 HR practices during Downsizing 36 2.12 Strategies to manage the Survivors 37 2.13 Chapter Summary 38 Chapter III Methodology 3.1 Research Philosophy 39 3.2 Research Phenomenon 39 3.3 Research Design 39 3.4 Choice of Method 40 3.5 Research Approach 41 3.6 Data Collection Strategy 43 3.7 Data Analysis 45 3.8 Validity and Reliability 45 3.9 Ethical concerns 45 Chapter IV Findings & Discussions 4.1 Chapter Overview 46 4.2 Findings 46 4.3 Analysis and Discussion 56 Chapter V Conclusion & Recommendations 5.1 Conclusion 63 5.2 Recommendations on the role of HR during downsizing 67 5.3 Limitations of the Study 70 5.4 Recommendation for further research 71 5.5 Personal reflection 71 References 74 Tables and Charts Table 2.1 Different Ways of describing Downsizing 13 Table 2.2 Reasons for Downsizing by Firms 19 Table 2.3 Downsizing Strategy 28

Methodology Chapter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Methodology Chapter - Essay Example Some researchers claim that unless human behavior can be expressed in numerical terms, it cannot be accurately measured (cited by Jones, 2004). Qualitative data covers a range of material collected from previous research, literature review, case studies and unstructured interviews. Some researchers argue that the qualitative approach is better as it provides greater depth. The relationship between research philosophy and research method is important as it allows one to take an informed decision about the research approach, decide which methods are appropriate for the research, and also determine the constraints that may affect the research (Knox, n.d.). Research philosophy highlights different schools of thought on the how to conduct research. Arguments should be evaluated in different ways because primarily arguments have different roles and purposes and people assess according to the purpose in their mind. At times arguments provide useful information depending on one’s knowledge of how the world works. In a different setting, one can take an abstract approach and ask what follows from a given set of information and then decide on the outcome. Arguments can be evaluated in two qualitatively different ways – in terms of their deductive correctness or in terms of inductive strength (Rips, 2001). Logical positivism employs the quantitative and experimental methods to test deductive generalizations (Amaratunga et al.,). This requires independence of the observer from the subject being observed. Hypotheses have to be formulated in advance for subsequent verification. The explanations in this method are reduced to the simplest possible elements in order to facilitate analysis. Positivism claims that generalizations can be made from a set of events in that past and future decisions can be taken accordingly. The quantitative approach places great stress on numbers that represent

Review Of Related Literature And Studies Psychology Essay

Review Of Related Literature And Studies Psychology Essay This chapter includes discussion on related foreign and local studies, reviewed by the researcher which provides relevant facts about Self-Perception and relationship of CEU Nursing Student with Broken Family. Navarro (1990) revealed that solo parenting is a difficult road, though at the end youre glad you saw it through because the real rewards are having a happy, healthy kid and being a better person for it. Solo parents want to be reassured that they are not damaging their children. Some experts are reassuring, as in an article that appeared in a professional journal. This review of social psychological research into female-headed families conducted between1970-1980 concludes that theoretically, children do not need the presence of the same sex/opposite-sex parents in the family in order to develop sex-role behavior. Children in female-headed families are likely to have good emotional adjustment, good self-esteem except when they are stigmatized, intellectual development comparable to others in the same socio-economic status. It is possible for a solo woman or man to satisfy all of a childs parental needs? Its an important question these days because there are more and more such families. The largest number, of course, is those headed by women who are separated. And relatively small but growing of women are choosing to raise a child their own or an adopted child-without the help of a partner. We can learn something about the best ways solo parents to raise their children if we first consider how children benefit from the presence of both parents. Boys and girls learn to think, feel and behave primarily from identification with their parent of the same sex, particularly when theyre between the ages of three and six. We see this in the way boys imitate their fathers and girls imitate their mothers, but children are leaving other important lessons as well. Through their interaction and partial identification with their parent of the opposite sex (and the inevitable romantic attachment that they go through at this age), children begin to acquire some of their intuition and understanding about the opposite sex. And as children see how their parents live together, their future ability to have good relationship with the opposite sex- not only as lovers, but as friends and co-workers is influenced. But even in nuclear families children are inspired by adults than their parents- whether its teachers, coaches, sports figures or other idol they latch onto. What does all of this mean for the parents raising her children on her own? And what factors can contribute to her success? Lets first consider the case in which a solo father lives within visiting distance and is concerned with fulfilling his responsibility to his children. Children can gain a great deal from their father even though he lives apart from them if they are able to visit him regularly or if he maintains frequent, steady contact through letters and phone calls. Fostering such closeness is the most effective and easiest way for a mother to make-up for the fathers absence. Foreign Literature In the United States, the effects of single-parent family life on children fall into two categories: (1) those attributed to the lower socioeconomic status of single parents and (2) the short-term consequences of divorce that moderate over time. Four factors are predictive of U.S. childrens adjustment to the divorce of their parents: the passage of time, the quality of the childrens relationship with their residential parent, the level of conflict between parents, and the economic standing of the childrens residential family. In the first few years after a divorce, the children have higher rates of antisocial behavior, aggression, anxiety, and school problems than children in two parent families. However, some of these problems may be attributed to a decrease in available resources and adult super-vision; many of the negative effects disappear when there is adequate supervision, income, and continuity in social networks (McLanahan and Sandefur 1994). In mother-only families, children tend to experience short-and long-term economic and psychological disadvantages; higher absentee rates at school, lower levels of education, and higher dropout rates (with boys more negatively affected than girls); and more delinquent activity, including alcohol and drug addiction. Adolescents, on the other hand, are more negatively affected by parental discord prior to divorce than by living in single-parent families and actually gain in responsibility as a result of altered family routines (Demo and Acock 1991). Children in single-mother homes are also more likely to experience health-related problems as a result of the decline in their living standard, including the lack of health insurance (Mauldin 1990). Later, as children from single-parent families become adults, they are more likely to marry early, have children early, and divorce. Girls are at greater risk of becoming single mothers as a result of nonmarital childbearing or divorce (McLanaha n and Booth 1989). Although the research findings are mixed on long-term effects, the majority of children adjust and recover and do not experience severe problems over time (Coontz 1997). A common explanation for the problems found among the children of single parents has been the absence of a male adult in the family (Gongla 1982). The relationship between children and non-custodial fathers can be difficult and strained. Fathers often become disinterested and detached from their children; in one study more than 60 percent of fathers either did not visit their children or had no contact with them for over a year. The loss of a father in the family can have implications beyond childhood (Wallerstein and Blakeslee 1989). However, the lack of a male presence may not be as critical as the lack of a male income to the family. The economic deprivation of single-parent family life, in combination with other sources of strain and stress, is a major source of the problems experienced by both parents and children. 1 Religious Involvement and Childrens Well-Being: What Research Tells Us (And What It Doesnt) According to Lisa J. Bridges, Ph.D., and Kristin Anderson Moore, Ph.D., Prosocial and Moral Values and Behavior Research findings from early adolescence are consistent in supporting a positive association between religiosity and socially beneficial (or prosocial) and altruistic attitudes and behavior. 2 Religions and religious organizations generally promote the ideas of helping others and concern for the greater good by providing opportunities for community service. 3 Moreover, acceptance of the moral tenets of a religious faith may be instrumental in the development of a healthy sense of responsibility and even guilt that may lead adolescents to avoid wrongdoing or to make amends when they have done wrong. 4 Other findings seem less clear-cut. For example, one study found a somewhat stronger association between religious involvement and altruistic behavior than between religious involvement and altruistic values. 5 This may be due, in part, to the frequent inclusion of service activities within religious education and youth fellowship programs. For some adolescents, altruistic behaviors (such as participating in charity events, and donating time and effort to helping others) may reflect participation in a group (such as a church youth group) in addition to, or rather than, a personal commitment to helping others. In other words, religious activities may represent a pathway to prosocial behavior. Personality and Mental Health Research is thin on the relationship between adolescents involvement in religion and personality and mental health. Theoretically, religiosity is expected to be linked to better mental health and emotional well-being. Religious beliefs can serve as a resource for coping with lifes difficulties (The Lord never gives you more than you can bear); moreover, belief in Gods love and feelings of acceptance within a religious community may enhance ones sense of selfworth. Relatively few studies have been conducted in this area, however. And those studies that do exist find that the association between religious involvement and belief and adolescents self-esteem (the most frequently examined topic) is generally small and frequently not statistically significant.23 However, while the evidence that being religious has a positive effect on adolescents mental health and personality tends to be fairly weak, there is no indication in research studies of negative effects of religiosity on any aspect of well-being. Methodological Concerns Current measures of religiosity in childhood and adolescence are inadequate. As noted earlier, most studies of religiosity in adolescence (and the very few studies of religiosity in childhood) use snapshot measures of religious practice and beliefs, which do not allow for tracking behavior or making comparisons over time. Further, no measures of religiosity unique to younger children were found in our review, which explains our emphasis in this brief on adolescents. In the rare studies that do include preadolescent children, measures tend to be adaptations of the same measures used with older adolescents and adults. The almost exclusive reliance on responses to questionnaires represents another limitation of existing research studies on religiosity and wellbeing. Moreover, the questions used to tap religiosity vary widely across different surveys,28 suggesting that the research literature would benefit from greater standardization of terminology and measures (although, given the inad equacy of current measures, it is too soon to determine which existing measures, if any, may be most useful). Also, frequently the questionnaires used include only one or a few questions (for example, how often respondents attend religious services or how central they consider religion to their life). Information derived in this way may not be able to capture the varying levels of religious belief and practice or the complexity of the religious experience in respondents lives. The lack of longitudinal studies limits understanding of the importance of religiosity in childhood and adolescence in a number of ways. In order to fully address the individual, family, and community influences that predict religiosity or to examine the extent to which religiosity in childhood and adolescence promotes future well-being studies are needed that follow individuals across time. The dearth of such long-term studies means, for example, that we currently cannot say that participating in religious activities when an adolescent is 13, for instance, is related to how well or how poorly that adolescent will do at age 21 on varied measures of well-being. Few studies have used multivariate analyses that take account of confounding factors that may be associated with both religiosity and outcomes. (Multivariate analysis is a method for examining three or more variables at the same time.) Lack of consideration of such factors may lead researchers to overestimate the effects of religious involvement on well-being. For example, being involved in religion may be affected by family and neighborhood factors, such as family structure, risks in the neighborhood, and poverty. These can influence proximity to houses of worship and the capacity to attend services frequently and become actively involved. Few studies have considered possible differences in the impact of religious involvement on subgroups of adolescents. The strength of the effects of religious involvement on adolescent well-being may be influenced by gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, or neighborhood characteristics. However, few studies to date have s ystematically evaluated the effects of the characteristics of adolescents and their environments. Failure to do so may lead to over- or underestimation of the importance of religion for different groups of adolescents. For example, in a study described earlier, it was found that religion had a stronger positive influence among adolescents living in distressed neighborhoods than among adolescents living in more stable neighborhoods. 6 The responsibility of raising the children alone carries the stigma of a failed marriage. The chances of succeeding professionally let alone attaining a position of leadership seemed difficult to imagine. According to Reyes it was more advantageous to be a solo parent, in the sense that there is more harmony in their home. To them, there is only one policy and one discipline they were following. Being solo parent is a tough job, he said. The responsibility of shouldering the double burden can be physically and emotionally draining. For other people, being a solo parent may be disadvantageous especially on financial side. In addition to what Reyes started, many parent with financial problems, find them overworked, tired, and as a result become more easily upset and irritable. Bringing up children is a delicate issue; one has to go by instincts in dealing with them. For example, one policy may work for one child but not for the others. Some children can be easily persuaded or motivated while others need to be intimidated, so others usually play it by ear. For some parenting tips Pijuan advised that parent should let their children know that they loved. So that no matter how angry the parent are, no matter how much discipline those parents tried to instill, they will understand that it is for the sake of discipline and not because parents hate them. According to Robert Kilpatrick (1992), he was simply showing love for his daughter, giving her his time and trying to see the world through her eyes. Mothers, fathers, bring a unique presence, a special strength to raising children, says Ray Guarendi, a clinical psychologist and a writer of books entitled Back to the Family. Guarendis book (1993), shows that traditional values, rooted in the bed rock of mutual trust, truth and unconditional love, are still the keys for successful childbearing, and in this setting, fathers bring special gifts to parenting. Sometimes fatherly instincts come easily; sometimes, they have to be cultivated. Culled from real life experienced, is what kids need most from a dad. Someone who shows his love for them. Someone who will spend time with them.Guarendi noted that some of the most important memories kids latch on to about their parents evolve from routine moments in family life. Someone who can see the world through a childs eyes. This is one of the most overlooked rules for a father. Someone who will set limits. Parents reluctant to discipline their children have forgotten an intuition that kids have about discipline and freedom. Furthermore, Liza Ang(1994) said that fathers and mothers can best promote the development of their children in three major ways: Understanding a childs basic needs; Motivating the child behavior and; Serving as models of appropriate behavior. In the study made by Elizabeth Adeva (1994) on the parenting behavior of parents, there should be a better understanding between parents and children, researching out must come both ways. Parents should continually be interested in their childrens welfare. On the other hand, Grace Estanio (1994) found out that parents who show genuine concern for their childrens emotional welfare may find it relatively easier to open lines of communication in the home. Another related study is that Elizabeth Ortega (1995) she pointed that a common parental crime is the lack or even absence of respect for childrens feelings. High regards for our youngsters, sensibility ought to be given prime consideration. In the study made by Nord (1982), after separation, the solo parent is usually glad to have the children with him or her. Everything else seems to have fallen apart, but as long as solo parents have their children, they retain their parental function. Their childrens need for them reassures them of their own importance. The mothers success as a parent becomes even more important to counteract the feelings of low self-esteem that result from separation. Feeling depressed, she knows she must bounce back for her children. Yet after a short period the mother comes to realize that her children do not fill the void by her separation. When a man separates his wife, or vice versa, a family is being broken apart. And when children are a part of that family, its not just the adults who suffer. It has long been recognized that the initial impact of separation can be extremely traumatic for children of all ages. But on the other hand, popular opinion also held that since children were resilient by nature, after the initial shock they tended to adjust or bounce back very quickly. As a result, most professional studies concentrated on the long-range effects separation had on the parents. Recently that trend has changed- it is now recognized that the greatest victims of the separation experience are the children. Kelly (1989), stated that is you are a solo parent your children have a right to love, stability and a future. You are still a family. You are not somehow less of a person because you are in a new role. To provide the environment of success for your children, you have to know you can make it. Nothing breeds confidence like success. One of the biggest problem to a mother is being depressed, worried, and self-concern. Second problem having a lowered standard of living. The concerns of being a mothers is directly affected their children. They cant able to provide the care and other necessities of their children as they felt they should. The study found that with women, earning capacity proves to be a direct determinant of happiness and well-being. Women who did not reach college and who are in the lowest income group are approximately twice as likely to become depressed as the problem of child-raising as those who are educated and hold high-paying, professional jobs, blue-collar women earning low income are three times more apt to complain of lowered standards of living than those in the higher bracket. High wage-earners, on the other hand, have a different problem. Almost a third of them claim that their involvement with members of the opposite sex is the most trying part of solo parenting. Who are in process of divorce is a one of the hardes situation to be in. sometimes happeni between couple, that concerns most people. Somehow divorce is hurtful on both partner to those who undergo, the children end up with the greatest amount of problems. This is a challenge to a child that can develop and not always seen by the naked eye, and do not always come to the surface right away. Sometimes children try to stop the divorce of their mother and father, but some of it will just accept what happened. Some of the children will tell that they are happy for what the decision they had. This is not really the case, as one would see if he or she talk with the child for a while. There are lot of things that divorce does to a family, and there are lot of things that can affect to their children. In some situation the effect are rarely positive and helpful in the perception of others. Divorce has many negative effects on the psychological and social aspects of a childs life. There are lot of psychological aspects on a childs life that can change when their parents undergo to a divorce. As previously mentioned by the researcher a child may not appear initially how they feel about the divorce, but the real feelings of that child will appear in some time. The researcher in an article of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry says, children incorporate repertoires of hatred, impulsive, and violent behavior into their own behavior as a result of observing their parents responses to rage and frustration. A lot of children who are really the witness in the process of divorce of their parents. It will become natural to a child . The child naturally looks to their parents for the example of how to handle certain situations and emotions. In the process of divorce there is so much bitterness and aggression that is expressed by one of them or both parents of that child. To a child who witness this situation is not healthy for them for several reason . The main reasons is that the child can develop some attitudes that is not appropriate. For example being angry and aggression to their parents situation. One of the tools of a child in solving their problems is being angry and the aggressive felt by.. The child becomes like the parents and it has negative impact to others because of not knowing or understanding how to control these feelings. They may often violently lash out to those around him or her that can affect these feelings to occur. It really affect the childs behavior it can result to the next psychological problem that divorce has to their. One of the major effect of divorce is depression. Based on the study conducted by Hetherington, Stanley-Hagan Anderson, they emphasized that there is a greater effect on children the way their parents interact with each other rather than the actual divorce itself. In fact, it is hard to distinct the effects of divorce from a broken relationship. In this way, the bad effect of divorce may be traced back in the individuals differences before the divorce itself, unfortunately these negative effects is related to emotional conflicts and separation which can proceeds to legal divorce. In general, individuals who have experienced a family conflict have a more difficult time catching up with their studies and their extra-curricular activities in school rather than individuals who have a complete family or blended families (Carlos, 1995). However, every child has a different way on adjusting to parental divorce or separation. In some circumstances, children that is a product of a divorce family show only a small negative effect that last for a short period of time; and in few circumstances, some children exhibit a poor adjustment to the negative effects of parental divorce. According to Dacey and Travers, not all children from a broken family exhibits negative effects, some of them grow strong and healthy and later they are the one who supports their family. On what way children become more successful in adjusting to parental divorce? Based on studies conducted by Carlson and Hines, they concluded that children can easily accept the reality of having a broken family if the parents provide continues and coordinated parenting, this can be done if they continue to monitor and discipline their children. This new parenting role requires a problem solving approach, in this approach both the separated parents hide their own problems and conflicts to their children and avoids having disagreements or criticizing each other in front of their children. Accepting the idea of having a broken family can cause some emotional problems to children, this problem sometimes end up of having trouble in meeting their academic and social expectations at school. Simons, Gordon, Conger and Lorenx said that emotional aspects of divorce include feelings of anxiety, depression, guilt and aggression. In most cases, parental separation affects childrens sense of well-being and lowers their self-esteem. Many studies had conducted and reveal that a great number of couples planning to have a divorce refuse to believe that divorce can cause a negative effect on their children. A study conducted by the Institute of American Values that was released in 2002 reveals that unhappily married adults who end up in a divorce doesnt exhibit any emotional or psychological improvements compared to those couples who stayed married for the rest of their lives. According to several studies, divorce doesnt improve your emotional health but instead it makes your emotional health worse. This is due to the stress and financial burden a couple is facing during the divorce process. These are some of facts about divorce you might not knowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. 1. A study created by the Institute for American Values reveals that eight out of 10 couples who dont continue on the idea of divorce become happy couples five years later. 2. Almost half of American children see their parents break up in person. Then half of them will also witness the breakup of their parents second marriage. Many couples engage in divorce and then end up remarrying another individual without knowing the true reason of their marriage problem with their first marriage. This is the main reason why second marriage divorce rate is higher compare to the first marriage. Foreign Studies According to the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, teenagers that is raised by a single-parent or in a blended family are three times more likely to seek a psychological help within a given year. These are some of the other outrageous statistics about the effect of divorce on children: According to Dawson (Family Structure and Childrens Health and Well-being Journal of Marriage and the Family), twenty to thirty-five percent of children who are living with both biological parents are physically healthy than those from broken homes. Children who have divorced parents have greater possibility to experience injury, asthma, headaches and speech defects than those children whose parents are intact. According to Wallerstein (The Long-Term Effects of Divorce on Children Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1991), after six years of parental marriage separation, a study of children revealed that even though many years have passed, these children still feel lonely, unhappy, anxious and insecure. According to McLanahan and Sandefur (Growing Up With a Single Parent: What Hurts, What Helps Harvard University Press 1994), Children who have divorced parents are approximately two times more expected to drop out of high school than those children whose parents are intact. According to Angel and Worobey (Single Motherhood and Childrens Health), fifty percent of children with divorced parents are more probable to develop health problems than those with intact parents. According to Fagan, Fitzgerald and Rector (The Effects of Divorce On America), fifty percent of those children who are born this year with both parents, before reaching their 18th birthday, they will experience the divorce of their parents. Hopefully these statistics may ultimately cause you and your spouse to sincerely consider all the cost of divorce before you make the final choice. Based on these statistics, it becomes clear that children need secure, loving homes with both parents. There is, of course an omission to every rule, and in this case it is households where violence is taking place. Children should under no situation remain in a violent ambiance that is unsafe for them. If both of you have just grown apart, or fell out of love and if there is no violence enchanting place in your marriage, for your childrens sake, I advise you to seek out help for your marriage before you give up completely. It has been expected in the United States today that almost half of all couples that walk down the aisle will rashly have divorce, but how about the clause until death do us part? Over time, there have been many theories obtainable as to why divorce occurs and why these tolls have enlarged so radically over the last 30 years. Some think that the country may take part in a role; others suppose that the span of the courtship plays an significant piece; cohabitation preceding to wedding increases the chance that separation will result; or not cohabitating prior to marriage may add as the evolution era is too stressful; still others think that the separation progression is too simple; if laws were stricter and divorces were further hard to get, these divorce statistics would get better over era. At this era, although elevated, the separation tempo has decreased to some extent lessening the minds of the American public. There is still small hope that these information will ever diminish completely. In this fast paced civilization that we exist in nowadays, it must to be simple for us, the American public, to be aware of this phenomenon. The standard American Family has both parents in the place of work, financial stress, job discontent, children in school activities and sports, high demand lifestyles and generally small time to center on the familys group cohesiveness. Although Waite and Lillard (1991) viewed that children, especially young children, present and improve marital steadiness, environmental stressors and everyday labor are often more than a parental relationship can endure. These standard stressors alone can make much chaos, turmoil and in time lead to marital damage, argument and divorce. There is a current data which supports that stress in a broken family is mostly affecting the children. Divorce is seen, as the cause of the negative events and psychological distress to the youths. One explanation purposed by Katherine Effects on Adult Relationships Many studies show that family conflict was typically a strong precursor to divorce and lead children from divorced families to rate their relationships as having greater family conflict. Those from intact families reported more cohesion, expressiveness, sociability, and idealization and less conflict than those from divorced families. However, coming from a divorced family did not affect young adults self-esteem, fear of intimacy, or relationship satisfaction, but it did affect fears and expectations for divorce (Kirk, 2002). In-depth studies strongly indicate that the attitudes surrounding marriage and success in marriage is transmitted between generations in divorced families. Men and women from divorced families tend to score significantly lower on several measures of psychological well-being and more likely to be divorced themselves (Franklin, Janoff-Bulman, Roberts; 1990). This trend has the potential to have social impact on our culture because the evidence suggests that adult children of divorce have relationship problems that lead to divorce in their marriages as well, which could lead to a perpetual cycle of this phenomenon. Perhaps the greatest problem associated with divorce is that it does appear to be a cyclical phenomenon. An estimated 40% to 50% of children born in the U.S. in the 1980s experienced parental divorce (Fine, Moreland, Schwebel, 1983). Women who experience parental divorce have a 60% higher divorce rate than their counterparts; while men whose parents divorced have a 35% higher rate of divorce than men whose parents remained married (Glen Shelton, 1983). It seems clear that people from divorced families are more likely to be divorced themselves and therefore convey the impression that marital dissolution is more acceptable. Amato (1987) states that adult children of divorce feel more pessimistic about their chances of life-long marriage and evaluate divorce less negatively than do other young adults. Students experiencing post-divorce conflict were more likely to have engaged in premarital sexual intercourse, their satisfaction with their current relationship was lower, and they showed a decline in the parent-child relationship. These adult children of divorce also expressed more difficulty in finding people with whom they could establish relationships (Morris West, 2001). Judith Wallerstein (2004) has been one of the leading researchers on the phenomenon of divorce and its impact on adult relationships. Her 25 y

Rebecca :: essays research papers

Rebecka 1) Is "Rebecka" a suitable name of the the book? Why?/Why not? Another name? Why is it called Rebecka? Yes, I think it ´s the perfect name of the book since everything, every subject is circulating around her. Her name characterizes the book so well. Rebecka doesn ´t leave too much of a space for other things in the book, even though she ´s dead. 2) What does people think about Rebecka? Does everybody like her? How was she really like? Friends, servants, strangers, they all adored her. She was the beautiful, sweet, tender and loving lady who every woman wanted to be friend with who every man would just like feel the scent of. They all loved loved. Almost. There were some persons who had a more special relationship with and therefore liked her diffrently. To begin with, the housekeeper, Mrs Danvers. She probably loved her most of them all. She devoted all her life to raise and help and make her the woman she knew she would never become herself. She and Rebecka were very close. Rebeckas death was an extremly hard crush to Mrs Danvers. Like a mother who loses her one and only child who was her everything. But she always feels Rebeckas presence and therefore keeps the house as it always was. When the new Mrs de Winter came to take Rebeckas place Mrs Danvers went furious. Not only could she not stand with the thought that someone was going to take Rebeckas precious place and the one to do it was a joke. In her eyes a shy brat that even the servants laughed at. Maxim liked her for a beginning but the fifth day after their marriage he realizes how she ´s really like. She played with him and other men. He couldn ´t divorce her since their marriage seemed perfect on the surface. But she didn ´t really love him. She told him things like what life would be like for him later when they had a child and he wouldn ´t be sure of whose father it was. Not either her cousine Jack Favell. Jack loved Rebecka very much and he met her many times in a cottage near the sea. They had an affair and Jack wanted to get rid of Maxim in some way. 3) Why does not Mrs Danvers like the new Mrs de Winter? Who is she? See above 7) What happened to Rebecka? What was the verdict in the court?

Evolution of Hrm

History and Evolution of HRM Personnel Management Personnel departments were once called Health and Happiness departments. The people assigned to deal with personnel issues were often individuals, who were not able to do other jobs efficiently. Personnel Management’s as a corporate field developed in the early 1900s. It was seen as activity, necessary, but unimportant, part of the organization. Over the years personnel management came to focus on efficient procedures and rules for administering large numbers of employees in various firms.Its aim was to manage difficulties, introduce fair systems and reduce costs. It also tended to focus on groups rather than individuals and, incidentally, reinforced labour-management divisions. The History of Human Resource Management The field of HRM as it currently exists has got through lot of transition. Following are the phases in the transition of HRM:- (a) The Individual Revolution: During this phase machines were introduced into variou s organizations and technology made rapid progress.Due to fragmentation and specialization of work, many workers lost their jobs and many workers felt their work to be dull, boring and monotonous. Workers were treated like tools, and moreover employees were keen to increase the production targets rather than satisfy workers’ demands. (b) Scientific Management: With the introduction of Scientific Management given by F. W. Taylor, efficiency in organizations was increased . Work was rearranged according to systematic analysis into smallest mechanical elements which was mot effective combination.Taylor emphasized on the fact that the individuals selected to perform the task should be perfectly matched, physically as well as mentally. Proper training should be given to the employees so that they can do their job more efficiently. (c) Trade Unionism: As the employees become more exploitive, the workers working in the organizations joined hands to fight against injustice done to th em in the shape of Trade Unions tried to improve the problems faced by the workers through collective bargaining.They helped in resolving the grievances of the workers relating to working conditions, pay and benefits, disciplinary actions, etc. (d) Human Relations Movement: The famous Hawthorne experiments conducted by Elton Mayo during 1930s and 1940s demonstrated that employee productivity was affected not only by the way job was designed, and the monetary aspects, but by certain social and psychological factors as well. The human relations movement led to various behavioral science techniques in industry for the very first time.This movement included support for training programs, support and concern for workers, counseling programs for workers, etc. (e) Human Resource Approach: However, but during early 60s the â€Å"pet milk theory†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. that happy workers are more productive workers as happy cow gives more milk †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Of human relations was la rgely rejected. In human resource approach it was recognized that workers are unique in their own way – having individual needs. It was recognized that each employee is a unique and highly complex individual with different wants, needs and values.Slowly but steadily, the trend moved towards treating employees as resources or assets. Evolution of the Concept of HRM The various stages or phases in the transition or evolution of Personnel Management into Human Resource Management are shown below: (a)The Commodity Concept:Labor was regarded as a commodity to a tool to be bought or sold (b) The Factor of Production Concept: labor is like any other factor of production, viz. money, materials, land etc. (c) The Goodwill Concept: Welfare measures like safety, first aid, lunch room, rest room will have a positive impact on workers’ productivity. d) The Paternalistic Concept: Management must assume a fatherly or protective attitude towards employee. It means satisfying the vario us needs of employees as parents meet the requirements of their child. (e) The Humanitarian Concept: To improve productivity, physical, social and psychological needs of workers must be fulfilled and met. (f) The Human Resource Concept: Employees are the most valuable assets in the organization. (g) The Emerging Concept: Employees should be accepted as partners of the organization.They should belong to the organization as they are running their own organization. Scope of HRM The main aim of HRM is Competitive advantage through people. It involves the following points:- (a) Change in Thinking Process: Achieving competitive success through people involves fundamentally changing the thinking of the concerns, that how they think about the workforce consisting of people an the management-employment relationship. (b) Co-operation with Employees: It means achieving success by working with people, not by replacing them or limiting the scope of their activities. c) Strategic Viewpoint: It in volves seeing the workforce as a source of strategic advantage, not just a cost to be minimized. Distinction – Personnel Management/HRM/HRD The sole purpose of personnel management was to attain advantage and best results for the organization. The individual’s interests, desires and aspirations were submerged into the organization objectives and goals. Where as, HRM projects the development of individual in accordance with his interests, desires & aspirations. So that the individuals would be motivated to make their best contribution towards the accomplishment of goals.While personnel function was designed to respond to the organization objectives like profit of maximization, HRM visualized human elements of enterprise as important resources. The term human resources at the macro level spell the total sum of all the components (like skill & creative ability) possessed by all the people, where as the term personnel even at the macro level is limited to only employees of all organization. One must not be under impression that HRM has replaced traditional personnel management rather we can say that HRM has absorbed the personnel function in its refined form.HRD is an integral part of Human Resource Management. Due to the amalgation of Personnel function in its refined way with HRM, it became necessary for every organization to develop skills, talents, potentialities, capabilities and attitude of company work to meet the emerging challenges. Hence HRD policies have been adopted. HRD strategies are supposed to bring forth necessary changes in skills capabilities and attitudes of people who are required to cope with the emerging changes. Thus HRD has become an integral part of Human Resource Management.Personnel Management Human Resource Management Personnel Management | Human Resource Management| | | Labor is treated as a tool which is replaceable| Treats people as a resource or as an asset to be issued for the benefit of an organization | Interests o f organization are upper most | A distinct philosophy aiming at mutuality of interests| A not so important function meant only to hire employees and maintain their records | Integrated into overall straight management | Precedes human resources management | Latest in the evolution of subject|

Pollution Caused by Urbanization and Its Solutions Essay Example

Pollution Caused by Urbanization and Its Solutions Essay Example Pollution Caused by Urbanization and Its Solutions Paper Pollution Caused by Urbanization and Its Solutions Paper Essay Topic: Renewable energy It is evident that modern cities are featured by environmental degradation, worsening of water quality and shortages of sousing. This essay will focus on the air pollution and water pollution caused by arbitration. These harmful pollutants have serious negative effects on peoples health such as damage to peoples respiratory system. Following this, it will put forward some feasible solutions to deal with these problems. The air quality in cities has become worse and worse along with the process of arbitration and people have been suffering from serious respiratory problems. A typical example of this is the smoking phenomenon in Beijing where people need to wear a gauze mask to go outside. It is true that the irking offices or central business districts are located in the downtown area of the city and a large number of people crowded into the center of the city for work or for entertainment. As a result, there is a huge population who take public transportation to travel to workplace and some wealthier five-to- nine workers choose to go for work by private cars. Therefore, the exhausted gas produced by these transportation tools is immeasurable, especially on the workdays. This also causes a huge pollution difference between workday and weekend and this effect that less pollution is caused in the holiday period s called Holiday Effect. Tan et al (2013) argues that pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, volatile organic compounds or non- methane hydrocarbon, sulfur dioxide, and PM 10 are measured to be higher on weekdays than on weekends. According to PhD Bert B and MD Stephen HTH (2002), the effect on shortening life expectancy has been evaluated at 1?2 years for realistic exposure contrasts. In addition, there are an increase number of factories which have found their footprints in the rural areas because the air situation in cities has exceeded its bearing capacities. This is also due to the rapid pace of arbitration as factories in cities can no longer meet people?s needs. Consequently, the natural environment in rural areas is damaged and people can no longer enjoy the fresh air as they breathed two decades ago. Those pollutants made during arbitration has damaged peoples health and resulted in serious diseases (Forerunner ; Halted, 2002). There are 32 more case-control studies that have shown an obvious relationship between air pollution, especially from traffic, and lung cancer. Another serious consequence caused by arbitration is water pollution. Some people who live in cities even have no access to drinkable water. It is calculated that three-fourths of US citizens live in cities. With the population in cities increasing at a faster face, it becomes more and more difficult to deal with the waste generated in cities. Most of the waste is discharged or simply dumped into rives or lakes or even on the streets. The water pollutes has worsened the water quality greatly and made it unfit for people to use as daily water directly. As a result, it becomes much more difficult for city dwellers to obtain clean and drinkable water. It is true that many cities in undeveloped areas, especially in Africa, are unable to provide sufficient water supply for their citizens because most of water is lost in the pipe leakages. It is a fact that most people who live in cities, especially in developing countries are forced to boil their water or buy expensive bottled water to drink simply because of the worsening water quality caused by arbitration. It is believed that people in developing countries suffer from poor water sanitation much more than those in developed countries because the speed of arbitration in developing countries moves faster than that of developed countries. Chicanes (2005) pointed out that about 300 million people in China have no access to drink water, and it is a typical example that some people in villages are suffering from serious diseases due to unsafe drinking water. Moreover, urban areas are generally located in places where water sources are available. It is impossible to move forward the pace of arbitration without adequate access to fresh and dependable water; otherwise it cannot meet domestic and industrial needs. The arbitration development in early periods relied on coastal waters to get food and foster transportation. This arbitration development patterns continue as more and more people who prefer to live in places adjacent to freshwater streams. As a consequence, it has negative impacts on local lakes, groundwater and coaster waters as well. The air pollution and water degradation caused by arbitration have posed severe threats to humans health, so it is necessary to carry out some feasible measures to deal with these problems. It is the governments top priority to deal with these serious pollution problems. The government should take the responsibility to introduce some advanced technologies to address the increasingly worsening situation. As for the air pollution, some government- funded projects, such as the electric-transportation scheme, can be implemented to reduce the dependence on fossil fuel. The government can also impose taxes on private car using because cars can produce more pollutes than public transportation, such as bus or subway. In this sense, the government can also invest more capital to improve the subway system and carry out some campaigns to encourage citizens to take public transportation rather than private cars or taxies- The government can also devote more funds to the factories in rural areas to improve the Infrastructure and acclivities so as to reduce emission of waste. J. M. Barraging Memorials et al (2005) argue that urban air pollution is indeed stratified, and that an appropriate way to study this stratification is by means of a categorization method. This method aims to classify the street of the town based on their use as transportation routes. Their study utilized an easy and low-cost way to classify the street functions. For example, trucks that produce pollution can incredibly only be allowed to use on the streets outside of the central area. This way could reduce the pollution in the main area of cities immediately and effectively. On addressing the problems of water deteriorating, the government can invest more money to explore the renewable natural resources, such as solar energy and wind, to take place of the electricity to produce drinkable water. More government-funded scientific researches should be reinforced to develop state-of-the-art technology to process exhausted water and underground water (Booth, 1991). Sewage water needs to be treated in a proper way and it should not be allowed to enter into water system. It is true that storm water, sewage and drinking water are mixed up, o it is significant to divert the used water apart from the clean drinking water or reuse them after properly processing. The local communities should also spare no efforts to deal with air pollution and water pollution because of arbitration. These efforts might include clean-up or recycling campaigns to promote the citizens awareness to save water and take action to protect the air. Farmers need to be encouraged to build small farm ponds in the field as a way to store rainwater which can be used efficiently for agriculture. Knowledge on biodiversity and water-saving know-how should be spread to very citizen. There should be effective system when people report smoking vehicles to the local authority. As a result, citizens can take practical measures to relieve the serious situation of water and air contamination. As the United Nations Environment Program states that one person alone cannot make any big change to the planets damaging biodiversity, each individuals effort to promote the natures wealth and build a livable environment. For every individuals part, they can organize the car-pooling or van-pooling projects to get to work instead of taking taxi to the workplace alone. They can choose owe-polluting models of vehicles to go for work. Each citizen can also strive to change their eating and consumption habits.

Essay on Bone and Ligaments

Essay on Bone and Ligaments Essay on Bone and Ligaments the musculoskeletal system The skeletal system skeletal system includes the bones of the skeleton and the cartilages, ligaments, and other connective tissue that stabilize or connect the bones. In addition to supporting the weight of the body, bones work together with muscles to maintain body position and to produce controlled, precise movements. Without the skeleton to pull against, contracting muscle fibers could not make us sit, stand, walk, or run. The bones of the body perform five major functions Provide support for the body ,Store minerals and lipids ,Produce blood cells ,Protect body organs , and Provide leverage and movement. Two elements of this system that can be noted are the ligaments and the tendons. The tendons play a major role by connecting muscle to bone and also supporting their functions. Tendons are the main connective tissue in the body which hold the whole skeletal frame together. In tandem with muscles and ligaments tendons help in the mechanics of movement and provide form and function to our body. Tendons are made up of dense connective tissue which contain collagen fiber in the form of small bundles, tendons also consist of fibroblast. Fibroblast are typical cells that are known to regenerate or reproduce the collagen fibers. Some things that tendons enable us to do are things like running, jumping, walking, swimming, etc. tendons are also referred to as sinews. ligaments are a fibrous connective tissue which attaches bone to bone, and usually serves to h old structures together and keep them stable. Ligament tissue is made up of different grades of collagen, and connective tissue,to attach bone to bone within the body. This tissue type performs some main duties, including joint protection and positional information for the brain. Ligaments have extreme strength, but can become damaged from injuries. By stretching this decreases the

The new england workingmen's association Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The new england workingmen's association - Essay Example However, the mechanics kept their dream of better working conditions alive and hence they called for a region-wide convention to address the question of a 10-hour workday in Fall River. Indeed, the region-wide convention held on October 1844 addressed this issue in great length and resolved to form the New England Workingmen’s Association (NEWA) to address the workers’ plight (Massachusetts AFL-CIO 1). As such, most of the meetings held by New England Workingmen’s Association focused on the dominant concern of a 10-hour workday (Massachusetts AFL-CIO 1). In the meetings that followed the formation of the New England Workingmen’s Association, members ended such meetings with a resolution calling for an abridgement of the hours of labor, which was evidently fundamental in rendering every citizen of the commonwealth worthy and capable to perform the sacred duties of a freeman (Massachusetts AFL-CIO 1). As such, the New England Workingmen’s Association followed the footsteps of other labor leaders of the 1840s, who focused on the relationship between connection between 10-hour workday and citizenship. However, the New England Workingmen’s Association was seemingly different from other labor associations in that it included middle-class reformers who stressed issues such as land reform, and women, who frequently found themselves excluded from other groups unlike other labor associations that disregarded middle-class reformers (Massachusetts AFL-CIO 1). In the 1840s, many labor organizations disregarded the membership and contribution of women. Nevertheless, the New England Workingmen’s Association offered a reprieve to the women by extending all the rights, privileges, and obligations of membership to women’s labor groups through its constitution (Massachusetts AFL-CIO 1). As such, the association addressed both men and women issues that relate to their working conditions. Notably, women

Inflation in the United States Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Inflation in the United States - Research Paper Example The case with the nation of the United States is not in any case different. Recent report from U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported in less than a month ago that the price index for all items has increased by 1.4 percent over the first twelve months (USDL, 2012). This could be an indication that inflation rates have increased in the United States. However, as the following chat indicates the increase in inflation has not increased in a rate that would affect the economy. The CFI-U chat above shows only a very slight upward shift on the consumer price index during the period suggested by the report. This period is subsequently followed by a period of lower CFI-U as indicated by the chat. The lowering of CFI-U indicated by the chat show that inflation rate in the United States has been decreasing since July this year. Moreover, the raise in CFI-U is very slight thus indicating that the increase in inflation during that period was insignificant. The current consumer price index is lower than the one that was reported five years ago. This indicates a significant decline in the inflation rates in this country. Inflation in a country is mainly caused by economic activities and the volatility of the economy. One reason why United States has been able to reduce inflation is that it has been able to reduce the volatility of its economy. Another reason is that it has been able to increase the economic activities undertaken on its economy. All this has been done through adapting an effective monetary and fiscal policy. Fiscal and monetary policies have been identified as the most essential tools of solving economic problems. In solving economic problems, the two policies help to reduce the inflation rates in an economy. Moreover, they help to sustain low inflation rates in an economy despite the external factors that might try to increase the inflation rates. According to Yang & Traum (2010), the fiscal policy adapted by the United States focuses on adjusting government spending and tax rate. Increase in government spending has several effects to this country’s citizens. Among these effec ts is the increase in the commitment of the government in the provision of essential services. This raises the standards of living of individuals in this country thus resulting to economic growth. Lowering tax on the other had stimulates economic activities in a nation. United States has been maintaining a low tax rates in its economy thus raising the aggregate demand and expenditure in its economy. The raised aggregate demand and expenditure stimulates the economic activities thus resulting to economic growth. The economic growth has been enabling this nation to lower its inflation rates and sustaining the low levels of inflation. United States has been maintaining low interest rates on its economy. This is mainly aimed at reducing the supply of money. As a result, it could be categorized as a contradictory monetary policy (Dwivedi, 2010). The policy plays a very significant role in raising the price of this country’s currency. This assists in reducing the inflations rates i n the economy of the United States. However, in an attempt to overcome unexpected increases in inflation, the monetary authority in this country is forced to introduce expansionary monetary policy in the economy. Expansionary monetary policy is one that focuses on increasing the supply of